A topic from AEG's L5R CCG Rules forum, copied for Oracle of the Void from a copy of the forum saved in October 2015, so pages it didn't save are missing. Players' names are left out; the rules officials are named. Rulings are as they stood on these dates; later rulings, the rulebooks and the Rules Archive may differ.
A player, 31 July 2014
Bayushi Atsuto says:
Atsuto has Resilient while opposing a dishonorable personality.
Atsuto assigns against a dishonored personality. She gains Resilient. Later, the scorpion player loses the battle and Atsuto's resilient trait is triggered. She returns home. As she is no longer opposed by a dishonored personality she loses the resilient trait.
Next turn Atsuto assigns against a dishonored personality and gains the resilient trait. Is this considered a new instance of the resilient keyword on the card? Does it retain memory of its previous use or is it considered a new application of the keyword? If the scorpion player loses another battle with Atsuto, what happens?
Ben Higgins (rules official), 31 July 2014
Bayushi Atsuto says:
Atsuto assigns against a dishonored personality. She gains Resilient. Later, the scorpion player loses the battle and Atsuto's resilient trait is triggered. She returns home. As she is no longer opposed by a dishonored personality she loses the resilient trait.
Next turn Atsuto assigns against a dishonored personality and gains the resilient trait. Is this considered a new instance of the resilient keyword on the card? Does it retain memory of its previous use or is it considered a new application of the keyword? If the scorpion player loses another battle with Atsuto, what happens?
Resilient is tracked via the Personality, not each instance of the keyword, so each card will only be saved by Resilient once per game (unless the card goes face down and out of play).
You can think of it as this, once the outcome of a battle is known and the losing/tied armies are being destroyed, the rules pause for a second and ask, "Has this Personality been saved by Resilient yet this game?" If the answer is no and the Personality currently has the resilient keyword, the destruction will be prevented. If the answer is yes, then the Personality is destroyed as normal.